A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Calender       To make the surface of paper smooth by pressing it between steel rollers during manufacture.     Back to top       Cambium       The layer of cells between the woody part of the tree (heartwood) and the bark. Division of cambium cells results in diamteter growth of the tree through formation of wood cells (xylem) and inner bark (phloem).     Back to top       Canopy       The forest layer made up of the crowns of the tallest trees.     Back to top       Cant       1. Log that is squared on two or more sides and to be sawn further. 2. A log is first debarked then the rounded slab or outside portion of the log is cut off by the sawyer. The remaining square or rectangular portion of the log is called a cant. Lumber is cut from the cant. The more pieces of lumber cut, the more sawdust (waste byproduct ) is produced, reducing the log yield of marktable board feet.     Back to top       Cardboard       A thin, stiff paperboard made of pressed paper pulp or sheets of paper pasted together. Used for playing cards, greeting cards, etc. Corrugated containers are not made of cardboard.     Back to top       Carriage       The sawmill device on which a debarked logged is placed which moves the log back and forth through the saw blade creating slabs, cants and lumber. The log is also turned on the carriage before making the next cut.     Back to top       Checking       A lumber defect referring to the separation of wood fiber across the annual growth rings. Splitting of the wood in logs or lumber, often the result of drying.     Back to top       Chipboard       A paperboard, thicker than cardboard, used for backing sheets on padded writing paper, partitions within boxes, shoeboxes, etc.     Back to top       Choker       Short length of flexible wire, rope, or chain used to attach logs to a winch line or directly to a tractor. • Noose of wire rope for hauling a log. • Short length of wire rope that forms a noose around the end of a log to be skidded and is attached to the skidding vehicle or to the butt rigging in a wire rope logging system.     Back to top       Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)       The most commonly used chemical for pressure treating lumber.     Back to top       Circular sawmill       The traditional sawmill uses a circular saw (large version of hand held power saw). Circular saws are thicker (larger kerf) than band saws and produce more sawdust. Logs can be cut moving on the carriage in only one direction, then the carriage returns and turns the the log for the next cut.     Back to top       Clear       1. Lumber or logs that are free or practically free of defects. First quality lumber or log. 2. A select grade of lumber.     Back to top       Clear Cut       To harvest all trees from an area of forest land in a single cut.     Back to top       Closed Canopy       The description given to a stand when the crowns of the main level of trees forming the canopy are touching and intermingled, and form a barrier to light penetrating the forest floor from above.     Back to top       Co-Gen Operation       Refers to the production of usable steam and electricity using a particular kind of fuel (for example, woodchips, oil, coal, hydro).     Back to top       Codominant trees       In stands with a closed canopy, those trees whose crowns form the general level of the canopy and receive full light form above, but comparatively little from the sides. In young stands, those trees with above average height growth.     Back to top       Commercial thinning       A silviculture treatment that "thins" out an overstocked stand by removing trees that are large enough to be sold as products such as poles or fence posts. It is carried out to improve the health and growth rate of the remaining crop trees. As compared to "juvenile spacing."     Back to top       Composite lumber       See "engineered wood products."     Back to top       Compression wood       When an actively growing softwood stem is tipped from the vertical, it almost immediately begins producing wood on the underside of the leaning stem that is different from normal. Stems tipped as little as several degrees from the vertical may begin producing abnormal cells within several hours of the change in stem orientation. This wood, known as compression wood, is of interest because its properties are considerably different from, and much less desirable than, normal mature wood. In fact, compression wood has many of the same properties as juvenile wood.     Back to top       Concentration yard       A large lumber storage and reload facility.     Back to top       Conifer       Tree that is a gymnosperm, usually evergreen, with cones and needle-shaped or scale like leaves, producing wood known commercially as softwood.     Back to top       Construction and demolition (C&D)       Though lumped together to refer to wood waste produced by construction or by demolition, the products can be quite different. Construction wood waste can be clean dimensionally cut lumber such as board ends or cutoffs. Demolition wood waste is often contaminated with nails, sheetrock, paint, etc. Markets for C&D are limited by how "clean" and free of contaminants the wood is. Some businesses specialize in processing and disposing of C&D.     Back to top       Coppice       Forest regeneration by sprouting (vegetative reproduction) from stumps or roots.     Back to top       Cord       Stacks of hardwood 4' high by 4' wide by 8' long. It is the measure by which firewood is customarily sold , sawdust is sometimes sold, and small diameter logs sometimes bought. One cord is the equivalent of 128 cubic feet, 4.7 cubic yards. The weight of a cord varies if it is green (freshly cut), seasoned (partially air dried), or dry (KD or kiln-dried).     Back to top       Corduroy       To build a road by cross-laying it with saplings or small poles     Back to top       Corrugated containers       Containers made with corrugating medium and linerboard.     Back to top       Corrugating medium       The wavy center of the wall of a corrugated box which cushions the product from shock during shipment (see flute). This layer can contain up to 100% post-consumer recycled fiber content without reducing its ability to protect the product.     Back to top       Crook       1. A lumber defect referring to a deviation from a straight line drawn end to end along the narrow face of a piece of lumber. 2. Abrupt bend in a tree or log.     Back to top       Cross-Cut       To cut a piece of lumber perpendicular to its length.     Back to top       Crown       The live branches and foliage of a tree     Back to top       Cunit       A pulpwood measurement, equaling 100 cubic feet of solid wood.     Back to top       Cup       A lumber defect referring to a deviation from a straight line drawn edge to edge across the face of a piece of lumber.     Back to top       Cut to length (CTL)       New timber harvesting equipment allows loggers to fell trees, delimb them, and cut them to market length specifications before loading them on forwarders bound for the landing. CTL equipment is a recent trend in logging operations.     Back to top       For Further Information Please contact our knowledgable staff