A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)     Structural grade timber veneers glued together under pressure to form a dimensionally stable and uniform product. An engineered (man-made) wood product that is a substitute for dimensional lumber. LVL is glued such that the grain direction of all veneers is parallel; this is different than plywood in which the grain directions of adjacent veneers is perpendicular to one another. LVL and other composite lumber products have a number of advantages over solid lumber, including the ability to make large-sized members from small diameter trees. Such products also allow the dispersion of gross defects such as large knots.     Back to top           Landing     That part of a wood lot to which fresh cut logs are skidded or forwarded, accumulated, cut to length (if not cut to length in the woods) , stacked, and loaded onto trailers for delivery or chipped and blown into trailers. Back to top         Linerboard     The inner and outer layers of paper that form the wall of a corrugated container.     Back to top       Load     Measurement term for log and lumber volume: 40 cubic feet of logs equals 1.13 cubic meters, and 50 cubic feet of lumber equals 1.416 cubic meters.     Back to top       Log defects     Defects affect the log scale and value for which the log may be sold or bought. Deductions for defects are subjective depending on the scaler and a source of confusion in the buy-sell transaction. Defects may include red knots, black knots, rot, burned area of a log, crook, sweep, or doglegs. Back to top     Log scales     Determines the value of a log by estimating number of board feet of lumber it will yield (less allowances for bark, slab and kerf). Helps log sellers understand what they are getting for the product of their labor. Log buyers can usually predict the actual yield of board feet from a log depending on the log rule used. Three major log scales are used: Scribner Log Rule, Doyle Log Rule and International Log Rule, although there are others (Maine and Roy). It is vital that sellers understand the differences between the scaling methods so as not to be taken advantage of. Savvy buyers are flexible in the rules they use. A common rule of thumb is that International is always 25% better than Doyle, and Scribner is always 15% better. Doyle and International are dramatically different for small diameter logs, yet very similar for large diameter logs. If the average diameter range of logs is 14" to 20", you can convert Doyle to International by multiplying 1.2 and Scribner to International by multiplying 1.11. For example, if logs for a particular site scaled about 5,000 board feet in Doyle, this would convert to 6,000 board feet in International and 5,500 board feet in Scribner. Back to top     Log Trailer     Built with permanent stakes to carry sawlogs or pulp logs. Log trailers may have a grapple loader mounted front or rear in which case the operator can load himself. The increased cost of a loader on a log trailer means the trucker's rate will likely be much more. Without a loader, the logger must use his equipment to load the log trailer. Back to top     Lumber     Lumber is simply solid wood that has been sawn to a particular size. Traditionally produced from very large diameter logs, lumber is now often made from logs as small as 8 to 12 inches (20 to 30 cm) in diameter. A variety of equipment is used to produce lumber. Newer mills that process softwood logs combine scanners, computers to calculate optimium sawing sequences, and high speed, thin-kerf saws designed to obtain maximum lumber yield. The newest "lumber" products are not lumber at all in the traditional sense, but composite products created from veneers, thin flakes, or other materials such as plastic. Such products have more uniform strength properties than solid-sawn wood and can be made to large sizes even when using small trees as raw material. Lumber is always measured, bought, and sold based on nominal, rather than actual, sizes. Measurements are affected by moisture content and, in the case of hardwoods, by whether boards are surfaced or unsurfaced. Also see Yield. Back to top     For Further Information Please contact our knowledgable staff